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 Mother And Child With Poliosis, A Hereditary White Streak In Hair

What to Know About Poliosis

Poliosis, also known as poliosis circumscripta, is a unique condition characterized by the presence of a white streak or patch in the hair, deviating from the individual's natural hair color. This distinctive feature can manifest in various areas of the body, including the eyebrows, eyelashes, and the surrounding skin.

Typically referred to as a white forelock, poliosis often affects a specific area at the front of the head, where the hair lacks any pigmentation and appears completely colorless. The underlying cause of poliosis can be attributed to decreased melanin levels and a reduced number of melanocytes within the hair follicles. Melanin is the pigment responsible for imparting color to the hair and skin, while melanocytes are specialized cells that produce melanin.

Poliosis can be broadly classified into two categories: acquired and genetic. Acquired poliosis is frequently associated with certain eye disorders but can also coincide with autoimmune conditions or specific medications. Some common causes of acquired poliosis include blepharitis, which involves the obstruction of oil glands resulting in eyelid inflammation, sympathetic ophthalmia triggered by eye trauma or surgery leading to eye inflammation, shingles characterized by a rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, a rare autoimmune condition affecting the eyes, ears, nervous system, and skin. Additionally, vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder causing white patches on the skin due to the immune system attacking melanocytes, and halo nevus, an immune response resulting in a white ring encircling a mole, can also contribute to acquired poliosis. Furthermore, certain treatments such as radiation therapy and specific eye medications have been identified as potential inducers of poliosis.

On the other hand, genetic factors can also play a role in the development of poliosis. Gene mutations or hereditary conditions may give rise to genetic poliosis. Examples of genetic causes include tuberous sclerosis, a disorder characterized by noncancerous growths, white patches of skin, seizures, intellectual disabilities, and other associated problems, piebaldism, a condition in which individuals are born with white patches of skin and hair due to genetic alterations affecting proteins in the skin cells, and Waardenburg syndrome, a group of congenital conditions resulting in hearing loss and white patches of skin and hair.

The primary symptom of poliosis is the presence of a white streak or patch in the hair. This discoloration can occur in various regions such as the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, arms, and surrounding skin and scalp. In some cases, individuals may experience additional symptoms depending on the underlying condition. These symptoms can vary widely and may include blurry vision, eye inflammation, hair loss, patches of white skin, pressure buildup in the eyes, skin and organ growths, hearing loss, and neurological problems.

To diagnose poliosis, a medical professional can visually examine the affected area. In cases where accompanying symptoms are present, further diagnostic tests may be conducted, such as an eye examination, an assessment of the skin under a Wood's lamp, a blood test, or a skin biopsy.

Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive treatment for poliosis. However, a single report suggests that laser treatment has shown improvement in poliosis and vitiligo of the eyebrow. This particular treatment involved 44 laser sessions and resulted in a 75% improvement. Nonetheless, more research is necessary to establish the efficacy and practicality of this treatment approach. If individuals have concurrent conditions, these will be diagnosed and managed accordingly. For instance, steroid creams and light therapy may be prescribed to address vitiligo, but these treatments typically do not halt the progression of white patches. Moreover, individuals with poliosis affecting the skin are advised to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and employ hats or headscarves for safeguarding their skin from sun exposure.

For individuals who are bothered by their white hair, it is important to note that they are not alone in their concerns. The appearance of poliosis can impact self-esteem and confidence. However, there are options available to address these concerns. Individuals can choose to conceal poliosis by using hair dye or by wearing accessories such as hats, headscarves, bandanas, or wigs. Additionally, for those who find it challenging to adapt to their poliosis, seeking support groups recommended by medical professionals can provide an opportunity to connect with others who share similar experiences and have conditions that cause poliosis.

It is essential to be aware that white hair resulting from poliosis cannot revert to its original color. The absence of pigment and melanocytes responsible for hair coloration leads to permanent color loss. If individuals notice recent color changes or observe white skin patches that are spreading, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.